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Interface and heart failure pathophysiology.

Heart failure pathophysiology and treatment.

Interventional cardiology. Dilatation of pulmonary valve stenosis in boy 10 kg with combined stenosis and regurgitation.

Diameter of valve is increased from 5 mm to 8 mm. Increase in cardiac output and decrease in right sided loading is seen.

Interventional cardiology. Atrial septostomy in 45 years old man with pulmonary hypertension and right heart failure.

With a 6 mm diameter device cardiac output as well as oxygen delivery increase despite lower arterial saturation.

Extra-corporeal circulation. When increasing veno-arterial ECMO flow 0-4 L/min in a patient with left heart failure a progressive increase in LV loading is seen.

Heart failure pathophysiology. When left ventricular contractility is decreased a progressive dilatation of the left ventricle is seen while left atrial pressure increases. With increse in left ventricular stiffness a further increase in left ventricular filling pressure is seen, although left ventricular size becomes smaller.

Optimizing veno-arterial ECMO in left heart failure.